Research

Research Profiles

Manuscripts

  1. R. Ramchandani, E. Guo, , E. Rakab, J. Rathod, J. Strain, W. Klement, R. Shorr, E. Williams, D. Jones, S. Gilbert, "Validation of automated paper screening for esophagectomy systematic review using large language models,"" PeerJ Computer Science, Apr. 30, 2025, doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2822.
  2. R. Ramchandani, E. Guo, M. Mostowy, J. Kreutz, N. Sahlollbey, M. Carr, L. Caulley, "Comparison of ChatGPT-4, Copilot, Bard and Gemini Ultra on an Otolaryngology Question Bank," Clinical Otolaryngology, Mar. 13, 2025, doi: 10.1111/coa.14302.
  3. A. Barr, J. Quan, E. Guo, E. Sezgin, "Large language models generating synthetic clinical datasets: a feasibility and comparative analysis with real-world perioperative data," Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Feb. 4, 2025, 8:1533508, doi: 10.3389/frai.2025.1533508
  4. E. Guo, M.B. Keough, A.M. Henderson, E. Hagen, M.A. Levine, T.G. Arnason, K. Au, "Perioperative Management of Patients with Glioblastoma Co-Presenting with Pheochromocytoma," Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons, Nov. 18, 2024, 8(21):CASE24374, doi: 10.3171/CASE24374.
  5. S. Arfaie, M.S. Mashayekhi, M. Mofatteh, C. Ma, R. Ruan, M.A. MacLean, R. Far, J. Saini, I.E. Harmsen, T. Duda, A. Gomez, A.D. Rebchuk, A.P. Wang, N. Rasiah, E. Guo, A.M. Fazlollahi, E.R. Swan, P. Amin, S. Mohammed, J.D. Atkinson, R.F. Del Maestro, F. Girgis, A. Kumar, S. Das, "ChatGPT and neurosurgical education: A crossroads of innovation and opportunity," Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, Sep. 4, 2024, 129:110815, doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.110815
  6. S. Sinha, C. Small, E. Guo, M. Verly, R. Arora, A. Herik, E.L. Jonsson, A.R. Harrop, J. Biernaskie, C. Temple-Oberle, "BURN-OP: a Screening Tool for Identifying a Symptomatically Distinct Cluster of Burn Patients with the Greatest Healthcare Needs at Discharge," Burns, Sep. 2, 2024, 41(1):107258, doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.08.024.
  7. E. Guo, R. Ramchandani, Y. Park, M. Gupta, "OSCEai: Personalized Interactive Learning for Undergraduate Medical Education," Canadian Medical Education Journal, Aug 6, 2024, doi: 10.36834/cmej.79220.
  8. E. Guo, C. Perlette, M. Sharifi, L. Grasse, M. Tata, V. K. Mushahwar, M. Tavakoli, "Speech-Based Human-Exoskeleton Interaction for Lower Limb Motion Planning," IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems, May 2024, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555587.
  9. E. Guo, M. Gupta, H. Rossong, L. Boone, B. Manoranjan, S. Ahmed, I. Stukalin, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Healthcare Spending vs Mortality in CNS Cancer: Has Anything Changed?," Neuro-Oncology Practice, Apr. 2024, 11(5):566-574, doi: 10.1093/nop/npae039.
  10. J. S.G. Pascual, E. Guo, R. Yang, K. D. Langdon, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Ruptured pial-pial collateral aneurysm associated with left internal carotid artery occlusion: Nuances of surgical management," Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons, 7(12):CASE2454, Mar. 2024, 7(12):CASE2454, doi: 10.3171/CASE2454.
  11. Y. Park, A. Pillai, J. Deng, E. Guo, M. Gupta, M. Paget, C. Naugler, "Assessing the research landscape and utility of large language models in the clinical setting: A scoping review," BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Mar. 2024, 24:72, doi: 10.1186/s12911-024-02459-6.
  12. E. Guo, M. Gupta, J. Deng, Y. Park, M. Paget, C. Naugler, "Automated Paper Screening for Clinical Reviews Using Large Language Models: Data Analysis Study," Journal of Medical Internet Research, Jan. 2024, 26:e48996, doi: 10.2196/48996.
  13. E. Guo, M. Gupta, S. Sinha, K. Rössler, M. Tatagiba, R. Akagami, O. Al-Mefty, T. Sugiyama, P.E. Stieg, G.E. Pickett, M. de Lotbiniere-Bassett, R. Singh, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "neuroGPT-X: Towards a Clinic-Ready Large Language Model," Journal of Neurosurgery, Oct. 2023, 140(4):1041-1053, doi: 10.3171/2023.7.JNS23573.
  14. A. Baghdadi, E. Guo, R. Singh, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Force Profile as Surgeon-Specific Signature," Annals of Surgery Open, Sep. 2023, 4(3):e326 doi: 10.1097/AS9.0000000000000326.
  15. S. Samnani, F. Sachedina, M. Gupta, E. Guo, V. Navani, "Mechanisms and clinical implications in renal carcinoma resistance: narrative review of immune checkpoint inhibitors," Cancer Drug Resistance, Jun. 2023, 6:416-429, doi: 10.20517/cdr.2023.02.
  16. J. K. Mehr, E. Guo, M. Akbari, V. K. Mushahwar, M. Tavakoli, "Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Personalized Locomotion Planning for Lower-Limb Exoskeletons," 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), London, United Kingdom, 2023, pp. 5127-5133, doi: 10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10161559.
  17. S. Becker, D. Clark, M. Gupta, S. Kannappan, B. Wong, E. Hernandez-Zavaleta, E. Guo, "More than a Eureka Moment: Undergraduate Students’ Reflective Understanding of Science Inquiry in a Citizen Science Project," Alberta Science Education Journal, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 22-36, Jun. 2022.
  18. E. Guo, P. Torabi, D.E. Nielsen, M. Pietrosanu, "Deep learning transcriptomic model for prediction of pan-drug chemotherapeutic sensitivity," STEM Fellowship Journal, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.17975/sfj-2021-013.

Invited Talks

  1. E. Guo, C. McGregor, A. Pratt, C. Shukalek, "Healthcare 3.0: New Professions and Empowered Patients," Canadian Medical Association Health Summit 2025, Ottawa, ON, Canada, Mar. 27-28, 2025.
  2. E. Guo, "OSCEai: Generative AI for Interactive Medical Education," Alberta Innovates Student Innovator Session, AB, Canada, Jul. 11, 2024.
  3. Alishya Burrell, Erika Dempsey, E. Guo, "Education Session: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Geriatric Medicine Education," 43rd Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) of the Canadian Geriatrics Society, Calgary, AB, Canada, Apr. 26, 2024.
  4. E. Guo, "IEEE Humangineering Series: Changing the Medical Landscape with LLMs," IEEE Sight, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Jan. 11, 2024, available: https://www.beautiful.ai/player/-Nnu39LC0KXOwUhbIZ0E.

Presentations

  1. A. Barr, E. Guo*, E. Sezgin, "Zero-shot generation of synthetic neurosurgical data," T-CAIREM 2025 Trainee Rounds, Jul. 16, 2025.
  2. E. Guo*, R. Ramchandani, Y. Park, M. Gupta, "AI in Medical Education: Interactive and Personalized Learning with OSCEai," ICAM 2025, Halifax, NS, Canada, Apr. 3-6, 2025.
  3. I. Ma*, S. Steil, M. Cheshire, J. Desy, G. Bendiak, M. Lee, M. Gupta, E. Guo*, M. Paget, "The future is here: how AI has been utilized in undergraduate medical education at the Cumming School of Medicine," ICAM 2025, Halifax, NS, Canada, Apr. 3-6, 2025.
  4. R. Ramchandani*, E. Guo, E. Rakab, J. Rathod, J. Strain, W.Klement, R. Shorr, E. Williams, D. Jones, S. Gilbert, "The Use of Large Language Models for Title and Abstract Screening for Systematic Reviews," ICAM 2025, Halifax, NS, Canada, Apr. 3-6, 2025.
  5. R. Ramchandani*, E. Guo, M.G. Mostowy, K. Ramchandani, N. Sahlollbey, M.M. Carr, L. Caulley, "Analysis of GPT-4 with Vision on the OTO Chautauqua Question Bank," CSOHNS Annual Meeting 2024, Montreal, QC, Canada, Jun. 1-3, 2024.
  6. R. Ramchandani*, J. Le E. Guo, K. Oxford, R. Shorr, L. Caulley, "Unveiling the Mosaic: Exploring Clinically Relevant Demographic Factors in Patient Endotracheal and Laryngeal Mask Intubation," CSOHNS Annual Meeting 2024, Montreal, QC, Canada, Jun. 1-3, 2024.
  7. A. Pillai*, E. Guo, M. Gupta, "Assessing GPT-4 with vision for automated question explanations in undergraduate medical education," OHMES Health & Medical Education Scholarship Symposium, Calgary, AB, Canada, Feb. 21, 2024.

Conferences

  1. J. S.G. Pascual, E. Guo, K. J.O. Khu, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "AI-Assisted Awake Craniotomy: First Intraoperative Use OF EloquentAid," AACNS 2024, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Nov. 7-10, 2024.
  2. M. Černý, M. Májovská, H. Hallak, S. Lama, R. Singh, E. Guo, K. Horčičáková, S. Hužava, K. Sajfrídová, K. E.H. Ahmadová, G. Sutherland, D. Netuka, "Large Language Models Can Extract Tabular Data from Unstructured Patient Records To Be Used in Large-Scale Retrospective Studies," Brain and Spine, Oct. 14, 2024, 4:103579, doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.103579.
  3. Y.J. Park, E. Guo, M. Sachdeva, B. Ma, S. Mirali, B. Rankin, N. Nathanielsz, A. Abduelmula, T. Lapa, T. Champagne, "OSCE-GPT Dermatology: Augmenting Medical Education With Artificial Intelligence," Dermatology Medical Student Virtual Symposium 2024, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, May 29, 2024.
  4. E. Guo, L. Boone, H. Shakil, R. Sanguinetti, M. Gupta, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Chordoma management with artificial intelligence: a scoping review of current applications and future prospects," CNSF 2024, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 20-25, 2024, doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.186.
  5. E. Guo, R. Sanguinetti, R. Ramchandani, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Evaluating AI performance in written neurosurgery exams: a comparative analysis of large language models," CNSF 2024, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 20-25, 2024, doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.213.
  6. J. S.G. Pascual, E. Guo, R. Yang, K. D. Langdon, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Left temporal aneurysm resection: surgical approach in Pial-Pial collateral formation from the posterior temporal artery secondary to left internal artery occlusion," CNSF 2024, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 20-25, 2024, doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.223.
  7. E. Guo, R. Sanguinetti, L. Boone, B. Karmur, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Canadian neurosurgical healthcare spending trends," CNSF 2024, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 20-25, 2024, doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.230.
  8. R. Ramchandani, S.G. Biglou, M. Gupta, E. Guo, "Using AI to revolutionize clinical training through OSCE-GPT: a focused exploration of user feedback on otolaryngology and neurology cases," CNSF 2024, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 20-25, 2024, doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.176.
  9. E. Guo, J. S.G. Pascual, S. K.N. Cua, K. J.O. Khu, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Automated awake brain mapping with eloquentaid: a novel tool for low-resource settings," CNSF 2024, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 20-25, 2024, doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.236.
  10. Y. Park, A. Pillai, J. Deng, E. Guo, M. Gupta, M. Paget, C. Naugler, "Assessing the research landscape and clinical utility of large language models: a scoping review," ICAM 2024, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Apr. 12-15, 2024.
  11. Y. Park, B. Ma, M. Gupta, E. Guo, "Temporal and Regional Trends in Canada for the Epidemiology and Management of Infective Endocarditis," ICAM 2024, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Apr. 12-15, 2024.
  12. I. Ma, E. Guo, M. Gupta, O. Chen, M. Vergouwen, B. Chiang, M. Paget, C. Naugler, A. Harvey, "Using large language models to automate literature screening in undergraduate medical program evaluation," ICAM 2024, Apr. 12-15, 2024.
  13. E. Guo, M. Gupta, H. Rossong, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "A cost analysis of brain and nervous system cancer care: an examination of healthcare expenditure trends in the United States from 1996 to 2016," Neuro-Oncology, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Nov. 15-19, 2023, vol. 25, pp. v122-v123, doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0464.
  14. Y.J. Park, B. Ma, E. Guo, M. Gupta, M. Ramien, "RIME-GPT: Leveraging AI to provide real-time, personalized clinical support for pediatric reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruptions (RIME)," Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance, Nov. 9-11, 2023.
  15. E. Guo, M. Gupta, S. Sinha, K. Rössler, M. Tatagiba, R. Akagami, O. Al-Mefty, T. Sugiyama, P.E. Stieg, G.E. Pickett, M. de Lotbiniere-Bassett, R. Singh, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "neuroGPT-X: Advancing Responsible Large Language Models for Clinical Use," CNS 2023, Washington, DC, USA, Sep. 9-13, 2023.
  16. E. Guo, M. Gupta, B. Wong, J. Ali, A. Pillai, P. Torabi, M. Paget, C. Naugler, "Performance of ChatGPT on Case-Based Clinical Scenarios: Potential for Incremental Utility of Large Language Models in Medical Education," Association for Medical Education in Europe Glasgow 2023, Glasgow, Scotland, Aug. 26-30, 2023, doi: 10.21955/mep.1115122.1.
  17. E. Guo, M. Gupta, J. Ali, A. Pillai, P. Torabi, "Large Language Models: Practicing Clinical Decision Making," Health and Medical Education Scholarship Symposium, Calgary, AB, Canada, May 11, 2023.
  18. E. Guo, A. Baghdadi, R. Singh, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "What Makes a Surgeon Unique? Machine Learning for Surgeon Identification Using Their Force Profile," 2023 AANS Annual Scientific Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Apr. 21-24, 2023.
  19. E. Guo, A. Baghdadi, R. Singh, S. Lama, G. Sutherland, "Machine Learning Characterization of Important Tool-Tissue Interaction Forces Using Bipolar Forceps," 2023 AANS Annual Scientific Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Apr. 21-24, 2023.
  20. S. Becker, D. Clark, M. Gupta, S. Kannappan, B. Wong, E. Guo, E. Hernandez-Zavaleta, "Deepening Undergraduate Student Understanding of Science Inquiry by Reflecting on the Creation and Enactment of a Citizen Science Project," Canadian Society for the Study of Education XLIX Annual Conference, May 30-June 3, 2021.

Research Projects

Tavakoli lab

Biorobotic and Telerobotics Group.

Intelligent control of a lower-limb exoskeleton

Telerobotics and Biorobotics Systems Group 2021-2023

Funded by the NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Alberta

The proposed project involves motion planning of an exoskeleton through a bio-inspired strategy called the central pattern generator (CPG). The adaptive CPG method, which was developed in our group, includes parameters that allow for the modulation of locomotion, such as the adjustment of gait speed, which provides additional control and flexibility for the wearer. This capability makes this method a suitable approach for flexible motion planning of lower-limb exoskeletons.


This project proposes an intelligent agent for adaptive CPG-based gait planning. In particular, we will implement the TD3 reinforcement learning algorithm to optimize CPG parameters to personalize locomotion frequency and amplitude for exoskeleton users. This intelligent scheme will allow patients with weak lower-limb muscles to use the exoskeleton for rehabilitation purposes.

Exo-H3 lower-limb exoskeleton

Exo-H3 lower-limb exoskeleton. PC: Dr. Mojtaba Sharifi.

Speech-based locomotion planning for lower-limb exoskeletons

Telerobotics and Biorobotics Systems Group 2021-2022

Funded by the Dean's Research Award in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Alberta

This paper presents a speech-based locomotion planning strategy for lower-limb exoskeletons to facilitate safe and compliant human-robot interaction (HRI). Using a new combination of social and physical HRIs, a lower-limb exoskeleton is designed to assist individuals with neurological impairments. The proposed speech-based trajectory shaping scheme integrates three components: a (i) speech processing system, (ii) finite state machine (FSM), and (iii) central pattern generator (CPG). Using the Vosk speech perception system and a probabilistic intent parser to detect voice commands, user intents are passed into an FSM, which interfaces between a voice control system and CPG to ensure smooth transitions between locomotion states (e.g., standing to walking). Next, the CPG synchronizes the joint motion of the hip, knee, and ankle of the exoskeleton through a new, modified Kuramoto model for coupled oscillators; a novel set of speech-based CPG dynamics is developed to synchronize time-continuous transitions between locomotion states. Finally, the desired locomotion trajectory is generated via a Fourier series subject to safety constraints and fed to position controllers. Experimental studies are performed with two able-bodied participants to evaluate the effectiveness of this three-part control strategy. The time needed to stand, walk approximately 12 m, and sit using voice commands was 62±2 s (n=21) and that using a button-based mobile app was 113±5 s (n=10), suggesting that voice commands are more effective than a button-based interface for locomotion planning (P ≈ 0). In contrast to a button-based control interface, speech-based control permits users to have both hands free, improving the safety and ergonomics of an exoskeleton.

regenerating and degenerating sural nerve axons

Transverse section of mouse sural nerve (100X Mag). PC: Zochodne lab.

Skin and nerves: understanding the dialogue between axons and skin cells to restore sensation

Zochodne Lab Summer 2020

Funded by the Alberta Innovates Summer Studentship Award in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Alberta

Individuals with cutaneous nerve injuries often do not have full recovery of sensation due to deficits in sensory axon regeneration. This project aims to elucidate the effects of acute and chronic cutaneous denervation (defined here as a loss of axons) on differential mRNA expression in skin keratinocytes. Here, we hypothesize that denervation alters skin keratinocyte gene expression to favour reinnervation via the upregulation of transcriptional factors such as SOX2, which is linked to the induction of fibroblasts into neural stem cells. Male CD-1 mice with unilateral sciatic and saphenous nerve crushes (acute – 7 days) or resections (chronic – one month), immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing will be used to assess the effects of axon damage on the behaviour of skin keratinocytes and expression of regeneration-related molecules. If the hypothesis holds, this project will provide evidence that nerve regrowth can be manipulated to restore sensation, opening avenues for pharmacological investigation.

crushed sciatic nerve

Longitudinal section of crushed mouse sciatic nerve (20X Mag). PC: Eddie Guo.

Axon regrowth and plasticity in diabetic neuropathy: the role of growth cone molecules

Zochodne Lab Summer 2019

Funded by the Office of the Provost and VP (Academic) Summer Studentship Award in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Alberta

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a presently irreversible disorder which causes nerve damage in people affected by type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The objective is to show that DPN is a reversible condition caused by the loss of peripheral nerves due to their failure to regenerate. This failure is attributed to the expression of certain molecules in diabetic peripheral nerve cells. Two molecules of interest are RhoA, an inhibitor of growth, and Rac1, a promoter of growth. In DPN, it is expected that the expression of RhoA will increase while Rac1 will decrease. The effects of these molecules will be elucidated using type 1 and 2 DM mice by histological measures, electrophysiological tests, and visual assessment. Through experimental analysis of affected mice, the characteristics of RhoA and Rac1 will provide insight into ameliorating a complex neurological disorder.